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Issue #74
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Written by Janine Moolman, Natasha Primo and Sally-Jean Shackleton
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This issue of Agenda focuses on the
intersections between gender and Information and Communication Technologies
(ICTs). As an organisation working precisely at this intersection, Women'sNet
is privileged to be associated with the publication of this important issue of
the journal. We argue that, as feminists and women's rights activists, it is
imperative that we engage with ICTs - from the level of policy and regulation
to content development - to ensure that women benefit from the ICT revolution.
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Written by Elizabeth Kiondo
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abstract
This article
examines how Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be used
effectively to empower African women, promote gender equality and help achieve
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It argues that lack of gender analysis
and inadequate understanding of social cultural contexts inevitably leads to
differential impacts and benefits accruing from development processes between
men and women. The author notes that, although ICT has been hailed as a
powerful tool for empowering women, there are several challenges that exclude
women from effective access to and use of ICT. She concludes that there is need
to create an enabling environment for the promotion of gender equality and
socially deconstructing ICTs to make them sensitive to the needs of women.
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Written by Shikha Shresta
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abstract
This reportback
is a synopsis of the recommendations presented at a workshop entitled
‘Women in ICT: In Search of an Identity', which was attended by more than 30
female Information Communication Technology (ICT) professionals as well as a
number of gender-aware, male ICT professionals in Kathmandu, Nepal, in December
2006. The outcomes of the workshop suggest that governments and civil society
working in the area of Information and Communication Technology for development
(ICT4D) should collaborate strategically to bridge the gender digital divide.
It was recommended that the Nepali government should play a key role in
promoting women's ICT leadership as well as their access to financial
resources. At the same time, workshop participants proposed that civil society
should play a critical role in promoting gender-sensitive ICT4D awareness and
advocating for woman-friendly ICT environments.
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Written by Kristin Palitza
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Agenda
editor
Kristin Palitza spoke to three African women who are professionally involved in
the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector and passionate about
helping women to gain access to new technologies. Robynne Erwin from South
Africa, Jane Godia from Kenya and Goretti Amuriat from Uganda discussed via
teleconference the successes, challenges and barriers to gendering ICTs throughout the continent.
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Written by Carol Dralega
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abstract
This focus
interrogates a gender-oriented Information Communication Technology (ICT)
strategy that adopts a collective approach to enhance ICT use among rural
women. It focuses on the Ugandan, rural-based Nakaseke Women's Development
Association (NAWODA) as a case study and examines the use of a CD-ROM project
aimed at economically empowering rural women. The interpretations of the
findings indicate that, while women's collective activism, as a reaction to
socio-economic and cultural domination, has yielded some economic empowerment,
further interpretation of the community of practice suggests manifold
shortfalls, notably a rise of a new, regressive and disempowering divide among
the members of this community.
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Written by Y Yusuf-Khalil, V Bozalek, K Staking, R Tuval-Mashiach and G Bantebya-Kyomuhendo
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abstract
This briefing
describes an Information Communication Technology (ICT) project in which
academics from five geographically dispersed tertiary institutions collaborated
in the design and implementation of an online teaching module on women's health
and well-being. The module used the transformative possibilities offered by ICT
to enable students from a variety of geographic and cultural contexts to
collectively explore the concepts of women's health and well-being. This briefing
examines how this web-based module enabled the authors to bring students
from South Africa, Uganda, Jamaica and Israel together in an online learning
environment and outlines the role of ICT in designing the module as a
collaborative learning space. The experiences of participating academics and
students, particularly those within the African context, are presented.
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Written by Patience Zirima
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abstract
This focus
assesses Information Communication Technology (ICT) policies in southern
African countries, namely Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It examines whether
countries have ICT policies in place, whether these address gender realities in
the region and what actions have been taken since policies have been
implemented. The author argues that having an ICT policy within any given
country is essential to improving access to ICTs by disadvantaged groups. The
paper shows that gendered ICT policies will go a long way in reducing
inequalities between the sexes and also between Africa and the rest of the
world. It offers an analysis of how these policies improve women's access to
ICTs within various sectors, such as commerce, agriculture, education,
governance, health and tourism. The focus argues, however, that it is
not enough to look at ICT policy in isolation but important to consider what
mechanisms governments have put into place to ensure that women have access to
and make effective use of ICTs.
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Written by Aramanzan Madanda, Consolata Kabonesa and Grace Bantebya-Kyomuhendo
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abstract
Access to
and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is believed to
hold a promise for women's empowerment and social change (Isaacs, 2002;
Hawkins, 2002; Aloo, 1995). In higher education, computer technology and the
internet have enormous benefits including: access to cutting edge educational
materials, flexible distance learning suitable to time-constrained women,
enhancement of academic outcomes, promotion of self-esteem and attainment of
marketable skills. This profile examines challenges of using ICTs in
higher education for women's empowerment through training and access to
physical facilities. It is based on an empirical study conducted in the 2005/6
academic year at Makerere University in Uganda. The results indicate that
enrolment of women in ICT courses has risen from about 15% to 40% by the end of
2006, and there is increased use of internet, email, networking and research.
However, there are challenges of empowering women through access to ICTs.
Obstacles largely emanate from patriarchal, institutionalised work and
programmatic ethics, limited physical ICT facilities as well as individual
characteristics, perceptions and attitudes. We conclude that skills and
physical access alone are insufficient to bring about women's empowerment.
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Written by Margaret Zunguze
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abstract
This profile
focuses on the work of E-Knowledge for Women in Southern Africa (EKOWISA),
a Zimbabwean non-governmental organisation that encourages communities to use
Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for livelihood development. The
paper interrogates the assumption that ICTs empower women, the meaning of
empowerment as well as the particular challenges to ICT access in rural areas
(Marcelle, 2000) based on EKOWISA's Community ICT project.
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Written by Nidhi Tandon
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Harvard graduate student Paula Goldman stumbled across an idea one morning - to send an internet question out to the world: ‘What defines your generation of women?' The idea gathered pace. Out of some 3,000 responses, the international editorial team picked 105 submissions from women living in 57 countries, including some well-known activists, artists, athletes, writers, musicians, photographers and community organisers.
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Written by Denise Buiten
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Introduction
Feminist researchers and writers have long been concerned with the
role of the media in constructing or challenging current states of gender
relations. A number of recent, gendered South African media studies have been
applied to critique the low representation of women in all areas of the news
media. These studies have also critiqued the existence of blatant as well as
subtle gender stereotypes in the South African news media (Louw Morna, 2005).
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Written by Kathleen Nthabiseng Monareng
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Introduction
South
Africa has a history of discrimination against the majority of its people. This
changed in 1994 when South Africa's Constitution became the supreme law of the
country. The Constitution aims to protect the rights, dignity and equality of
all citizens (Government of South Africa, 1996). Section 7 states:
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Written by Isabel Sparrow
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Introduction
This paper discusses the
experiences of eight non-ordained women in a parish of the Church of the
Province of Southern Africa (CPSA), situated in the Cape Town Diocese of South
Africa. The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, to discuss the ways in which
patriarchy affects the interviewed participants of the non-ordained ministry and,
secondly, to describe the journey of the Tamar/gender desk1,
which strives to gender-sensitise the church.
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Written by Esha Brijmohan
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I am a free woman who has broken the chains that Indian society has placed on women for centuries. I savour the sweet taste of freedom that many of my friends and family yearn for. I am 21 years old, and already I'm an independent career woman, and my father and brothers treat me with the dignity and respect I deserve. But sadly, some Indian women are trapped into submissiveness, and their struggle to break free continues.
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