Ukususela oko intsholongwane kaGawulayo yafunyaniswa ebutsheni beminyaka yoo 1980, sele isube imiphefumlo efikelela kuma 22 ezigidi, kwaye sele yosulele ngaphezu kwama 60 ezigidi zabantu. Ngonyaka ka 2006, abantu abazizigidi ezihlanu bathe bosuleleka ze kwasweleka abakwizigidi ezithathu.
Kodwa ngokwequmrhu elibeka esweni amalungelo abantu (Human Rights Watch – HRW) kwanamanye amaqumrhu, kule minyaka ingama 25 kwafunyaniswa isifo sikaGawulayo, ambalwa amazwe athe aphumelela kwidabi lokulawula lo bhubhane. Lawo athe aphumelela, anikezele ngolwazi oluphangaleleyo ngokosuleleka yintsholongwane kaGawulayo kuluntu lwawo, akushukuxile ukuba semngciphekweni kwabaseTyhini kwanabantwana kudushe nakuxhatshazo, aqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kweedyasi zokukhusela (condoms), iinaliti ezicocekileyo kwanamachiza, ze andisa ukufikelela kwabantu kumachiza athomalalisa amandla kagGawulayo (anti-retroviral drugs).
Iingcali zibalula ukuba, ukuba semngciphekweni wentsholongwane kaGawulayo koyamene kakhulu nemeko yasekuhlaleni apho abantu abathe bachatshazelwa yile ntsholongwane, bathi babekelwe ecaleni ngayo. Aba bantu babandakanya iintwazana eziselula, abazihlaba ngenaliti xa besebnzisa iziyobisi, abathengisa ngemizimba, amadoda abelana namanye ngesondo, abantu abasebenza kude kunamakhaya kwanamabanjwa; bangamaqela asoloko engamaxhoba ocalu – calulo kwanezinye iintlobo zokuxhaphaza amalungelo abantu.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abaseTyhini kwanobuthathaka babo kwesi sifo kucaca mhlophe kwiAfrika eseSahara, apho ama 58 eepesenti zabo bosuleleke nguGawulayo ingabaseTyhini. NogokweHRW, ngonyaka ka 2003, isiqingatha sabo bonke oorhulumente abakwiAfrika eseSahara kwakusafuneka ukuba baseke imithetho yokupheliswa kocalu – calulo lwabantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo, lo gama isisinye kuphela kwisithathu samazwe kwilizwe jikelele, athe akuthabathela emthethweni ukucalu – calulwa koluntu olukumngcipheko wokosuleleka sesi sifo.
“Xa singahlasela lo bhubhane ngokuhlasela ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu, singasilwa esi sifo. Singenza oku, ngokuba nendlela ecacileyo yokukhusela kwanokunikezela ngolwazi kuluntu. Kufuneka sixhobise uluntu ngokuthabatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo, ukuze lukwazi ukumqonda kwanokujongana naye lo bhubhane,” utshilo uAmon.
Ukubhalwa phantsi kwanokohlwaywa kwabo babandakanyeka kuxhatshazo lwamalungelo abantu, noloyamene noGawulayo nentsholongwane yakhe kubalulekile ekwenzeni ukuba, uluntu luqonde kwanokuba lulwe nalo bhubhane. Ngaphandle kokuba amazwe aseke iindlela zokulwa nentsholongwane kaGawulayo ezisekelezelwe kumalungelo abantu kwanakubungqina beenzululwazi, esi sifo siseza kuqhubela phambili , itshilo iHRW.
Imfuneko yokukhusela le ntsholongwane kwihlabathi jikelele kujoliswe kubungqina beenzululwazi, ixhaswa ngamaqela afana nelokhuselo olusekelezelwe kubungqina (Caucus for Evidence-Based Prevention), intlanganisela yamaqumrhu angengawo akarhulemente eMelika kwanamaqabane ayo, nanjongo zikukuseka iindlela zokhuselo ngempumelelo eqinisekisiweyo ukwehlisa amaqondo osuleleko.
Eneneni, ngokweqela elijongene nokulungiswa kwezimilo nelimaqumrhu angaphezu kwama 30, ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo ixesha elininzi, iindlela ezingaqinisekiswanga zithe zaququzelelwa kakhulu kunezo zaziwayo ukuba ziyasebenza.
Umzekelo, eUganda, nelona lizwe lakhe lanempumelelo ekwehliseni izinga lokosuleleka yintsholongwane kaGawulayo, ngoku ukosuleleka kuyaphinda ukonyuka, kuba urhulumente namaqela abavangeli agxininisa kwimiyalezo yokuzilinda kuphela, ehlasela ukusebenza kweedyasi (condoms).
EThailand, neyenye yeendawo eziqaqambileyo ekulweni nesifo uGawulayo, ukusetyenziswa kweedyasi kwehlile yaye ukosuleleka zizifo zangaphantsi kwenyukile. IHRW ithi, urhulumente akenzanga ngokwaneleyo ukwehlisa izinga lokosuleleka kubantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi, kungenjalo abahamba ngokomsebenzi, iingcali zikaGawulayo zithi impumelelo yaseThailand yimbali.
EZimbabwe, malunga nama 350 000 abantu abafuna amachiza kaGawulayo ngokungxamisekileyo, kodwa bafikelela nje kuma 25 000 abantu abakwaziyo ukufikelela kula machiza. AbaseTyhini kwela lizwe baphila ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama 34, nelelona qonda liphantsi kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele.
EMelika, abaseTyhini abantsundu bangosuleleka ngokuphindwe kali 19 yintsholongwane kaGawulayo kunabamhlophe. Inani lokosuleleka lisemi ndawonye kwiminyaka eli 10, iHRW ithi, iinkqubo ezazifudula zikhuthaza uluntu ukuba lujongane noGawulayo kwaye lufunde ngokuzikhusela, zithatyathelwe indawo ziziphakamiso zokwehlisa inkqubo yentuthuzelo kwanofumana imvume phambi kovavanyo, nalapho oogqirha banokusuka nje bavavanye intsholongwane kubo bonke abantu ababanyangayo.
“Enye indlela yokulwa nalo bhubhane, kukuzimisela koorhulumente, ukubakho kwentsebenziswano phakathi koluntu kwanorhulumente ekuqwalaseleni lo bhubhane, ukuba neenjongo ezicacileyo nokuba neengxelo ezibandakanya uluntu ukukhangela inkqubela,” utshilo uAmon. KwiAfrika esemazantsi umzekelo, ziliqela iindlela ezisagxigxininisa kubuthathaka babaseTyhini, yaye lusasilela ukhuselo kwanokunyanzeliswa komthetho, kwabo baxhaphaza amalungelo obunini bezinto. Iinkqubo zamasiko zidla ngokungenzi ngokwaneleyo ukusombulula le mpatho – gadalala.
Kwingqungquthela esandula ukubanjwa liqumrhu lamazwe asibhozo eSt Petersburg, eRussia, iinkokheli zawona mazwe atyebileyo ehlabathini aqulunqe uxwebhu, ezinikela ekuzuzeni inkqubela ebonakalayo kumlo kaGawulayo nentsholongwane yakhe ngonyaka ka 2010. Nangona kunjalo, abaququzeleli bathi, ababinza ngezimali mabonyuse isabelo sezimali, kungenjalo bangafikeleli apho bajolise khona, ekubeni kunikezelwe unyango kubantu baseAfrika abazizigidi ezine ngonyaka ka 2010, nekubekwe kwinkomfa ibibanjelwe eGleneagles eScotland kutshanje.
Baqwalasele ukuba, ukuze kuphunyelelwe kunyango lukaGawulayo, kufuneka kongezwe okungenani i10 lebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika.
Amathemba ngoku abekwe kumhla we 13 nowe 18 kweyeThupha, apho kuyakube kubanjwe inkomfa eToronto, nalapho iHRW imemelele abameli bakarhulumente, abezizwe ezimanyeneyo nabanye abathabatha inxaxheba ukuba, “ kungokukhusela amalungelo abo babuthathaka, nokuxhobisa abo babekelwe bucala apho amabali empumelelo ambalwa, kumlo kaGawulayo nentsholongwane yakhe angandiswa ze abe ngawethuba elide.”
Eli bali niliphathelwe ngesihle yi Agenda – siphakamisa ilizwi ngokulingana ngesini. Xa ufuna inkcukacha ezivetshe ungasitsalela umnxeba kwa (031) 304 7001/2/3.
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