Poor women and girls suffer the most from the lack of food as this leads to hunger and malnutrition. In many cultures women and girls will often be expected to eat the leftovers after the men and boys have finished eating.

Most women do not have legal or traditional rights to land or other assets which leas women with a lack of productive resources sufficient to ensure a sustainable livelihood. As this means tThey can't get loans or credit because they have no collateral. Other resources needed for success in business include skills training, time, and information on markets. Women are less likely to have these resources than men, and hence they are concentrated in low-return, insecure, informal occupations. Lacking alternatives, many can't leave abusive men because they are wholly dependent on them for their survival.

In countries where people pay for healthcare, women are more likely not to go to hospital or clinics when they are ill and more likely to either treat themselves at home or go to traditional healers. Pregnancy and childbearing carry heavy risks for women who lack access to trained support. Women are also more likely to look after ill family members.

Two-thirds of the children not in school are girls. Many of them are at home doing housework and looking after other children. Some girl children are already married themselves. Parents may decide not to send girls to school because of fears for their physical safety on the journey there, and even at school, where male teachers and pupils may sexually molest them.

If a marriage breaks down, or a daughter displeases her parents, in most societies it is the woman who has to leave her home, because she has no rights of ownership regardless of the contribution she has made to the family. Women headed households are more likely to have substandard houses.

Gender-based violence, including rape, makes moving around outside one's home perilous for women in all societies. Home is not a safe place either, since domestic violence is widespread, and often condoned by society. If war breaks out, adult men are the first to be called to fight, while women and children are more likely to be civilian casualties. Men do traditionally risky work, like mining or fire fighting, but increasingly women are also working with unsafe chemicals and technologies, in both factories and fields.

Poor men are excluded from government because they are poor. Poor women are excluded for two reasons: poverty and gender. In most societies, women are grossly underrepresented in government. No parliament has equal representation of women and men. In many societies, women are also excluded or underrepresented from local decision-making bodies. Economic and financial policies are developed without recognising women's economic contributions in the unpaid and informal parts of the economy.

Ngabe ukuhlupheka kugadla ngendlela efanayo kwabesilisa nabesimame?

Abesifazane yobona abavama ukubhekana nenkinga yokuswela nokudla nokuholela ekutheni baze bangondleki.  Ngokwezinkolelo eziningi emphakathini abesimame kumele badle okusale emadodeni.  Iningi labesimame alinamalungelo ngokwezinkolelo zemiphakathi ehlukene.  Lokhu kwenza bangakwazi nokuba nemihlaba kumbe izindawo ezingezabo.  Ukungabi namphahla kwabesimame kwenza kubenzima nokuthi izikhungo ezifana namabhange zikwazi ukubaboleka imali ngoba abanaso nesibambiso.

Ngenxa yokungaundi ngokwenele nokungabi nalwazi lwezinto ezimqoka empilweni abesimame bavama ukutholakala sebephila impilo encike kumadoda abo ngoba besuke bengazi ukuthi ngale kwalokho bangashonaphi. Emazweni ekukhokwayo kuwona ukuze uthole usizo lwezempilo abesimame bavama ukwelashelwa emakhaya abo ngabelaphi bendabuko ngenxa yokweswela imali.   Kutholakala nokuti iningi lezingane ezingafundi ngezamantombazane kunezabafana. 

Lezingane zisala emakhaya zenze imisebenzi yakhona ezinye zize ziphoqelelwe nokuthi zigane.  Abanye abazali bati banovalo lokufaka izingane zabo ezikoleni ngenxa yobude bendlela eya ezikoleni ngakho besaba okungase kuzehlele endleleni.  Kutholakala ukuthi kwezinye izindawo abafundi besifazane bahlukunyezwa ngothisha besilisa ngokocansi. 

Nasemakhaya uma kwenzeka kunokungaboni ngasolinye emshadweni umndeni uvama ukusola owesifazane kunowesilisa.  Imindeni ivama ukumane isole owesimame ngalo kokucubungula ukuthi ngabe owesilisa akusiyena yini imbangela yokuhlukana komshado.  Ukwanda kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwabesimame emakhaya sekuveza ngokusobala ukuthi amanye amakhaya awasaphephile kubona. 

Nakuba abesilisa bekuvame ukuthi batuswe ngokwenza imisebenzi eyingozi njenge yasezimayini kodwa kemanje nabesimame sebengene kulomkhakha.  Abesilisa abahluphekayo bayacwaseka ezinhlelweni zikahulumeni ngoba bengenamali bese kuthi owesimame ohluphekayo acwaseke ngokwezigaba ezimbili.  Okokuqala ucwaswa ngoba engowesifazane bese kuba yima ecwaswelwa ukuhlupheka angabi namali.

Sekuvela ngokusobala nokuthi alikho nelilodwa iphalamende elinesibalo esilinganayo kwabesilisa nabesimame.  Abesimame basalokhu besele ngemuva ekutheni babekwe bagqame ezikhundleni zokuba namandla okuthatha izinqumo ezimqoka ngokwezomnotho kumbe ipolitiki emhlabeni jikelele.

Ingaba intsokolo yabaseTyhini yahlukile na kweyamadoda?

AbaseTyhini kwanabantwana abangamantombazana basokola kakhulu xa kunqongophele ukutya, kuba le meko ikhokelela kwindlala nokungondleki. Kwezinye iinkcubeko abaseTyhini namantombazana, badla ngokutya into eseleyo xa sele amadoda namakhwenkwe etyile.

AbaseTyhini abaliqela ngokwasemthethweni nangokwamasiko abanawo amalungelo omhlaba, kungenjalo impahla ezikhoyo ekhayeni, nethi ibashiye bengenazo iindlela ezaneleyo zokuziphilisa. Kuba le meko ithetha ukuba, abanakho ukufumana imali - mboleko kungenjalo ukwenza amatyala, kuba bengenalo ukhuseleko lwezezimali.  Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ukuze ubani aphumelele kwezoshishino, zibandakanya uqeqesho lwezakhono, ixesha kwanolwazi ngofuna ukukuthengisa. KwabaseTyhini akudli ngokuba lula kwezi meko njengoko kunjalo kunamadoda, kuba bahlala bebekelwa kwinzuzo engephi, engakhuselekanga kwanemisebenzi engakhathalelekanga. Kuba lungenayo enye indlela, uninzi kubanzima ukuba lushiye amadoda axhaphazayo, kuba luxhomekeke kuwo ukuze luphile.

Kumazwe apho abantu bezihlawulelayo ezempilo, abaseTyhini badla ngokusebenzisa izibhedlela kungenjalo iiklinikhi, kwaye ixesha elinzi badla ngokuzinyangela emakhaya kungenjalo baye koKhohlelesingeni. Ukukhulelwa kwanokubeleka kuyingozi engummangaliso kwabaseTyhini abangenankxaso itheni. AbaseTyhini ixesha elininzi, ngabo abakhathalela amalungu osapho angaphilanga.

Uninzi lwabantwana abangafundiyo ngamantombazana. Uninzi lwabo luhlelele ukwenza umsebenzi wasekhaya nokuhlala nabantwana. Abanye abantwana abangamantombazana sele betshatile. Abazali bangangabasi abantwana babo abangamantombazana esikolweni, kuba besoyikisela ukhuseleko lwabo, endleleni kwanasesikolweni, apho abefundisi - ntsapho abangamadoda kwanamakhwenkwe angabaxhaphaza ngokwesondo.

Xa umtshato uqhawuka, kungenjalo intombazana ingabonelisi abazali, kuluntu oluninzi kuba yinkosikazi ekufuneka ihambe emzini, kuba ingenawo amalungelo obunini, nokuba ibenegalelo elingakanani na kolo sapho. Imizi ekhokelwa ngabaseTyhini idla ngokuba nezinye izindlu ezilawulayo.

Udushe ngokwesini, nelubandakanya udlwengulo, lwenza ukuhamba - hamba ngaphandle komzi kwabaseTyhini kube yingozi kwimimmandla eliqela.  Nekhaya elo alibi yindawo ekhuselekileyo, kuba udushe lwasemakhaya kulapho luxhaphake khona, kwanoluntu ludla ngokulukhuthaza. Xa kuvela imfazwe, amadoda amadala ngawo abizwa kuqala ukuza kulwa, ukanti ngamabaseTyhini nabantwana abadla ngokuba ziingxwelerha. Ngokwesiko amadoda ngawo afanele ukwenza imisebenzi onobungozi, efana neyasemigodini kungenjalo ukulwa, kodwa nawo amakhosikazi asebenza ngamachiza kwanobuchwepheshe obuyingozi kumashishini nasemasimini.

Amadoda asokolayo awabandakanywa kurhulumente kuba esokola. AbaseTyhini abasokolayo ababandakanywa ngezizathu ezibini: intsokolo nobuni. Kuluntu oluninzi, abaseTyhini abamelwa kurhulumente. Ayikho ipalamente enenani elilinganayo labaseTyhini namadoda. Kuluntu oluninzi, abaseTyhini babekelwa bucala kungenjalo, bangamelwa ngendlela xa kuthatyathwa izigqibo ekuhlaleni. Imigaqo yezoqoqosho kwanezezimali zisekwa ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqwalasela, inxaxheba edlalwa ngabaseTyhini kumanqanaba ezoqoqosho angahlawulelwayo nathathelwa phantsi.

Na ‘bofutsana' pakeng tsa banna le basadi bo ya lekana?

Basadi ba itlhophereng le banana ba sotleha haholo ke ho hloka dijo hobane ha ho sena dijo ba shwa ke tlala le ho se fepehe hantle mmeleng. Ditjhabeng tse ngata basadi le banana le lebelletswe ho ja dijo tse setseng ha banna le bashemane ba se ba kgotshe.

Ho ya ka setso kapo molao basadi ba bangata ha ba na tokelo ya ho ba le mobu (lefatshe), esita le ho ba le disebediswa tse ding tse tla ba thusa ho netefatsa hore ba iphedise. Ho bolenang hore ba ha ba kgone o kadima tjhelete bankeng kapo ba reke ka mokitlana ka ha, ha ba na diphahlo tseo ba ka etsang dipehelo tsa tshireletso ka tsona (collateral).  Disebediswa tse ding tseo ba di hlokang hore ba tswelepele, ke bonono ho tsa kgwebo jwaloka ho rutwa mosebetsi, ho boloka nako le ho fuwa tsebo ka tshebetso ya mmaraka.  Basadi ba na le menyetla e tlase ya ho fumana disebediswa ho feta banna, ka hoo bongata ba bona ba fella dikgwebong tse nang le tswala e fokolang le mesebetsing e sa ngodiswangg (informal) e sa bolokehang.  Ba bangata ha ba na boikgethelo ba ho hlala banna ba ba hlekefetsang hobane bophelo ba bona bo itshetlehile ho banna bana.

Dinaheng tseo batho ba lefellang thuso ya tsa bophelo, bsadi ba bangta ha ba kula ba ikokela hae kapo ba ye dingakeng tsa setso ho ena le ho ya sepetlele kapo tlelinikeng.  Ho ima le pelehi di bea bophelo ba bona kotsing e kgolo hobane ha ho batho kwetlisitsweng hantle ba tla ba thusa ka tsa bophelo. Hangata hape basadi ba hlokomela ditho tsa leloko tse kulang.

Bobedi borarong ba bana ba sekolo ke banana.  Bongata ba bona ba dutse hae ba etsa mesebetsi ya lapeng kapo ba hlokomela baena ba bona.  Ba bang ba se ba bile ba nyetswe ba fokola dilemong.  Ba bang ba batswadi ba ka nka qeto ya ho se ba kenye sekolo hobane ba tshabela bophelo ba bona. Ba tshaba hore ba tla hlahelwa ke kotsi tseleng e yang sekolong, kapo hona sekolong moo matitjhere a banna le barutwana ba bashemane ba ka nnang ba ba hlekefetsa ka motabo.

Ha lenyalo le fela, kapo ngwanana a sa thabise batswadi, ditjhabeng tse ngata ba tlameha ho tswa lapeng hobane ha ba na ditokelo tsa ho ba le seo e leng tsa bona, ho sa kgathaletsehe hore ba bile le seabo se sekae kahong ya lelapa leo.  Malapa a tlasa basadi hangata a na le matlo a mang a tlasa tlhokomelo ya bona.

Tlhekefetso e tobisitsweng mofuteng o itseng wa bong, ho kenyeletsa peto, e etsa ho tswela kantle ho meedi ya lepeng ditjhabeng tse ngata ho be kotsi.  Lapeng hape ho ntse ho sa bolokeha hobane ho na le palo e hodimo ya ditlaeho tsa ditlatlapo/tlhekefetso ka  lapeng mme hangata setjhaba se ya e dumella. Ha ho na le ntwa, banna ba seng ba le baholo dilemong ba bitsetswa ho ya lwana (masole), ha basadi le bana bona hangata ba sala lapeng e be mahlatsipa a ntwa eo.   Banna ba etsa mesebetsi e kotsi, jwaloka ho sebetsa merafong kapo ho ba ditima-mollo, empa ho se ho ena le basadi ba etsang mesebetsi e sa bolokehang jwaloka mesebetsi ya dikhemikhale le tekginiki difemeng le masimong.

Banna ba kojwana-di-mahetleng ha ba kenngwe pusong ya naha hobane ba itlhophere.  Basadi ba bafutsana ba kgenthollwa tlasa mabaka a mabedi: bofuma le bong.  Ditjhabeng tse ngata boemedi ba basadi bo tlase haholo kgoromenteng.  Ha e yo palamente e nang le boemedi bo lekanang ba banna le basadi. Ditjhabeng tse ngata, basadi hape ba qhelelwa ka thoko kapo ba na le boemedi bo fokolang ditulong tsa mabaatowa tsa ho nka diqeto.  Dipolosi tsa moruo le ditjhelete di thewa ka tsela e sa tsotelleng karolo e nkwang ke basadi mahlakoreng a moruo a sa lefellweng kapo a sa ngodiswang (informal).